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Gleaning from multiple sources, Shahîd describes the political, military, ecclesiastical, and cultural history of the Arab federates in the fifth century and demonstrates how they lived in harmony with Byzantium.

Shahîd recounts the foundation of a new relationship in the fourth century between the Roman Empire and the Arabs in Oriens, who remained allies of Byzantium until the Arab conquests.

In addition to political and military matters, Shahîd discusses the Arabs’ cultural contributions in Roman-controlled Oriens, including their role in the urbanization of the region and the progress of Christianity.