Additions & Corrections

Virgil on Himself

1. Georgics

2. Letter to Augustus

Contemporary Response

1. Lucius Varius Rufus

2. Horace

3. Agrippa

4. Porpertius

   • Cairns, Francis. Propertius 3.4 and the Aeneid Incipit. The Classical Quarterly 53 (2003), 309–311.

5. Domitius Marsus

Later Influence and Importance

1. Ovid

   • i) Lowe, Dunstan M. Personification Allegory in the Aeneid and Ovid's Metamorphoses. Mnemosyne 61 (2008), 414–435.

2. Ille ego qui quondam gracili modulatus avena

3. Appendix Vergiliana

   • For a recent collection of essays, see:
     Holzberg, Niklas, ed. Die Appendix Vergiliana: Pseudepigraphen im literarischen Kontext. Classica Monacensia 30. Tübingen: Narr, 2005.

4. Seneca the Elder

5. Velleius Paterculus

6. Quintus Remmius Palaemon

7. Seneca the Younger

8. Pliny the Elder

   • Doody, Aude. Virgil the Farmer? Critiques of the Georgics in Columella and Pliny. Classical Philology 102 (2007), 180–197.

9. Lucan

   • For recent articles on Lucan's relationship with Virgil, see:
     Nagyllé, J. Vergil-Allusionen bei Lucan. Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (2006), 383–420.
   • Roux, Nathaëlle. The Vergilian Tradition in Lucan's Representation of Italy. Vergilius 54 (2008), 37–48.

10. Calpurnius Siculus

11. First Einsiedeln Eclogue

12. Laus Pisonis

13. Petronius

14. Columella

    • Dumont, Jean Christian. Columella and Vergil. Vergilius 54 (2008), 49–58.

15. Pompeian Graffiti

    • See Milnor, Kristina. "Literary Literacy in Roman Pompeii: The Case of Vergil's Aeneid." In: Ancient Literacies: the Culture of Reading in Greece and Rome. Ed. William A. Johnson and Holt N. Parker. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 288–319.

16. Masada Papyrus

    • See in addition:
      Pack, Roger Ambrose. The Greek and Latin Literary Texts from Greco-Roman Egypt. 2^nd ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1965. 146, nos. 2940–2952.

17. Vindolanda Writing-Tablets

    • The Virgilian tag conticuere omnes (Aeneid 2.1) appears in a graffito on a flue-tile now in the Reading Museum, from the Roman site of Silchester just south of Reading. The graffito, which is scratched in scratched cursive, may be the remnant of a writing lesson: Pertacus perfidus campester Lucilianus Campanus conticuere omnes. For further information, see:
      F. Haverfield, The Romanization of Roman Britain, 3^rd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1915), 30;
      G.C. Boon, Silchester (Newton Abbot, 1974), 64, and fig. 7.4; and
      A. A. Barrett, Knowledge of the Literary Classics in Roman Britain, Britannia 9 (1978), 307–308.
    • An inscription that probably comes from Aeneid 1.313 (bina manu l…) has also been found painted on wall-plaster at Otford. See M. Henig, The Art of Roman Britain (London, 1994), 119.

18. Silius Italicus

19. Quintilian

20. Martial

21. Statius

    • Hill, D. S. Statius' Debt to Virgil. Proceedings of the Virgil Society 26 (2008), 52–65.

22. Tacitus

23. Florus

24. Pliny the Younger

25. Juvenal

26. Apuleius

27. Aulus Gellius

    • b) Mantelli, Francesco. Interpretazioni Virgiliane a confronto: Cesellio Vindice e Sulpicio Apollinare in Gellio II 16 (a proposito di Aen. VI 760–766). Maia 60 (2008), 80–86.

28. Avienus

29. Ammianus Marcellinus

    • O'Brien, P. An Unnoticed Reminiscence of Aeneid 10.517–20 at Ammianus Marcellinus 22.12.6. Mnemosyne 60 (2007), 662–668.

30. Jerome

    • Mohr, Ann. Jerome, Virgil, and the Captive Maiden: The Attitude of Jerome to Classical Literature. In J. H. D. Scourfield, ed. Texts and Culture in Late Antiquity: Inheritance, Authority, and Change. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, 2007. 299–322.

31. Augustine

32. Claudian

    • Wheeler, Stephen. More Roman than the Romans of Rome: Virgilian (Self-)fashioning in Claudian's Panegyric for the Consuls Olybrius and Probinus. In J. H. D. Scourfield, ed. Texts and Culture in Late Antiquity: Inheritance, Authority, and Change. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, 2007. 97–133.

33. Sidonius Apollinaris

34. Ennodius

35. Cassiodorus

36. Gregory of Tours

37. Isidore of Seville

38. Aldhelm

    • In the century before Aldhelm, Gildas (of late Roman Britain) the De excidio et conquestu Britanniae, in which he shows the misery of the country after the withdrawal of the Romans and the victory of the Anglo-Saxons. On his knowledge of Virgil and the Classics, see:
      Lapidge, Michael. "Gildas's Education and the Latin Culture of Sub-Roman Britain." In: Gildas: New Approaches. Ed. Michael Lapidge and David Dumville. Woodbridge, 1984. 27–50.
      Wright, Neil. "Gildas's Reading: a Survey." Sacris Erudiri 32 (1991), 121–162.

39. Alcuin

40. Ermoldus Nigellus

41. Welsh Battle of the Trees

    • For broader information on Virgilian influence on Welsh literature, see:
      Davies, Ceri. Welsh Literature and the Classical Tradition. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1995.

42. Ermenrich of Ellwangen

    • A new edition has appeared:
      Ermenrich d'Ellwangen. Lettre à Grimald. Edited and translated by Monique Goullet. Sources d'histoire médiévale publiées par l'Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2008.
      The passages in question are edited and translated on pp. 140–147 and annotated on pp. 213–220.

43. Modus Ottinc

44. Fulbert of Chartres

45. Donizo

46. Peter Abelard

47. Otto of Freising

48. Archpoet

49. Walter of Châtillon

    • The topos of poets' vying with Virgil is well attested. See dedicatory letter, in Epistolaad Augienses [von] Gunzo; und, Rhetorimachia [von] Anselm von Besate, Monumenta Germaniae historica; die deutschen Geschichtsquellen des Mittelalters, 500–1500: Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 2, ed. Karl Manitius (Weimar: H. Böhlau, 1958), 97, 100.
    • Peter Damian, De sancta simplicitate scientiae inflanti anteponenda, Chapter 7, in PL 145.700C-D, Ut Virgilius poetatur (of a Frenchman of noble birth, residing in Rome, who wrote poetry on a par with Virgil's).

50. Alan of Lille

51. Chrétien de Troyes

52. Jacob van Maerlant

53. Dante

54. Petrarch

    • Hübner, Wolfgang. Eine Vergil-Interpretation Augustins bei Petrarca. Wiener Studien 120 (2007), 247–256.
    • On the so-called Virgilius Ambrosianus, see:
      Le postille del Virgilio Ambrosiano: Francesco Petrarca. Ed. Marco Baglio, Antonietta Nebuloni Testa, and Marco Petoletti. Studi sul Petrarca 33–34. 2 vols. Padua: Antenore, 2006.

55. Chaucer

56. Christine de Pizane

57. Maffeo Vegio

Virgil as Performed or Declaimed

• Panayotakis, Costas. Virgil on the Popular Stage. In Edith Hall and Rosie Wyles, ed. New Directions in Ancient Pantomime. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
• For an alleged instance of recitation during Virgil's lifetime, see II.A.1 = VSD 43, on Georgics 1.299. The passage is analyzed by Alessandro Barchiesi, Quando Virgilio era un moderno: una delle più antiche recite delle Georgiche, e il contesto di una spiritosaggine, in Materiali e Discussioni 52 [= Numero speciale in onore di Michael C. J. Putnam, ed. Glenn W. Most and Sarah Spence] (2004), 21–28.

1. Tacitus

2. Suetonius

3. Probus

4. Lucian

5. Macrobius

6. Performances of the Eclogues

7. Servius

8. Augustine

9. Fulgentius

10. Venantius Fortunatus

11. Virgil and Musical Notation

Vitae

1. Vita Suetonii vulgo Donatiana (VSD)

2. Jerome

3. Vita Servii

4. Vita Focae

5. Vita Philargyrii I

6. Vita Philargyrii II

7. Vita Probi

8. Expositio Donati

9. Expositio Monacensis I

10. Expositio Monacensis II

11. Periochae Bernenses I

12. Periochae Bernenses II

13. Periochae Gudianae

14. Periochae Tegernseenses

15. Periochae Vaticanae

16. Vita Aurelianensis

17. Vita Bernensis I

18. Vita Bernensis II

19. Vita Bernensis III

20. Vita Gudiana I

21. Vita Gudiana II

22. Vita Gudiana III

23. Vita Leidensis

24. Vita Monachensis I

25. Vita Monachensis II

26. Vita Monachensis III

27. Vita Monachensis IV

28. Vita Noricensis I

29. Vita Noricensis II

30. Vita Parisina II

31. Vita Vaticana I

32. Vita Vaticana II

33. Vita Vossiana

34. Zono de' Magnalis

35. Domenico di Bandino

36. Sicco Polenton I

37. Donatus auctus

38. Sicco Polenton II

39. Vita Laurentiana

Virgil's Birthday: Ides of October as Sacred

1. Pliny the Younger

2. Martial

3. Ausonius

Virgil's Remains and Grave

1. Epitaph

2. Statius

3. Martial

4. Pliny the Younger

5. Aelius Donatus

6. Vita Probi

7. Jerome

8. Sidonius Apollinaris

9. Eusthenius

10. Pompilianus

11. Radulfus Tortarius

12. John of salisbury

13. Conrad of Querfurt

14. Gervase of Tilbury

15. Dante

16. Sequence about St. Paul

    • Ad Maronis mausoleum
      For speculation that the two strophes in the manner of Stabat mater may have been composed by Petrarch himself (since they are attested only in Petrarch's Virgil codex), see:
      Berschin, Walter. Glossierte Virgil-Handschriften dreier aetates Virgilianae. In The Role of the Book in Medieval Culture: Proceedings of the Oxford International Symposium, 26 September–1 October 1982. Bibliologia 3–4. 2 vols. Turnhout: Brepols, 1986. 1:116–121 (note 8).

17. Petrarch

18. Itinerary of a Certain Englishman

19. Boccaccio

The Burning of the Aeneid

1. Ovid

2. Pliny the Elder

3. Gaius Sulpicius Apollinaris

4. Aulus Gellius

5. Aelius Donatus

6. Macrobius

Autograph Manuscripts of Virgil

1. Pliny the Elder

2. Quintilian

3. Aulus Gellius

Virgilian Images

1. Ancient Textual References to Portraits of Virgil

2. Late Antique Textual Reference to Portraits of Virgil

3. Late Antique Virgilian Imagery

   • c) Barrett, A. A. Knowledge of the Literary Classics in Roman Britain, Britannia 9 (1978), 308–309.
     This mosaic was moved to Taunton Castle Museum in 1954.
   • d) Barrett, A. A. A Vergilian Scene from Frampton Villa, Dorset. Antiq. Journ. 57 (1977, 312–313.
   • h) For additional information on the influence of Virgil on Greek literature of the imperial period, see:
     Gärtner, Ursula. Quintus Smyrnaeus und die Aeneis: zur Nachwirkung Vergils in der griechischen Literatur der Kaiserzeit. Zetemata 123. Munich, 2005.
   • For further analysis, see:
     Stefanou, Damaris. Darstellungen aus dem Epos und Drama auf kaiserzeitlichen und spätantiken Bodenmosaiken: eine ikonographische und deutungsgeschichtliche Untersuchung. Münster: Aschendorff, 2006. 11–50.

4. Flabellum of Tournus

5. Virgil on a Wooden Bowl

6. Illuminated Aeneid

   • d) Not only the Aeneid was illustrated. Vatican, Cod. Lat. 3251, fol. 2 verso, presents an amusingly inept Italian illustration of Tityrus, flat on his back at the foot of a tree. Beneath that image is another of Meliboeus, leading a goat. See:
     Weitzmann, Kurt. Ancient Book Illumination. Martin Classical Lectures 16. Cambridge, MA: Published for Oberlin College and the Department of Art and Archaeology of Princeton University by Harvard University Press, 1959. Plate 48, Figure 101.
   • d.1) For further information, see:
     Heil, Andreas. Christliche Deutung der Eklogen Vergils: die Tityre-Initiale im Codex Klosterneuburg CCl 742. Antike und Abendland 53 (2007), 100–119.

7. Virgil in Mantua

8. Virgil and Dante

9. Virgil and Petrarch

   • a) Houghton, L. B. T. Simone Martini's Frontispiece to Petrarch's Virgil. Paragone 39–41 (2002), 54–76.

10. Portraits of Prophetic Virgil and the Sibyl

11. Virgil as Magician

12. Virgil in the Basket

13. Virgilian Imagery in Non-Virgilian Texts

14. Conclusion

Virgil as Philosopher and Compendium of Knowledge

1. Seneca the Younger

2. Macrobius

3. Servius

4. (Pseudo-) Bernardus Silverstris

5. Roman de Thèbes

6. John of Salisbury

7. Alexander Neckam

8. Boccaccio

Virgil as Worthy of Veneration and Divine

1. Tacitus

2. Macrobius

3. Servius

Virgilian Cento

• On Alcesta, see:
  Salanitro, Giovanni, ed. and tr. Alcesta: cento vergilianus. Multa paucis 1. Acireale (Catania): Bonanno, 2007.
• On Hippodamia, see:
  Paolucci, Paola. Modelli oltre il fonte: Ovidio e Stazio nel centone virgiliano Hippodamia (AL 11R). Giornale italiano di filologia 54 (2002), 197–209.
  Paolucci, Paola, ed. and tr. Il centone virgiliano Hippodamia dell'Anthologia Latina. Bibliotheca Weidmanniana 9. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 2006.
  Paolucci, Paola. I munuscula del centone virgiliano Hippodamia alla tradizione e al testo di Virgilio. Euphrosyne 35 (2007), 159–176.
• On Narcissus, see Salanitro, Giovanni. Il centone virgiliano Narcissus. Rivista di cultura classica e medioevale 2 (2008), 371–373.
• On Progne et Philomela, see Paolucci, Paola. La voce del sangue. Emendamento al centone virgiliano 'Progne et Philomela' (AL 13, 18–19 R .2). Giornale italiano di filologia 55 (2003), 265–271.

1. Petronius

2. Hosidius Geta and African Centos

3. Tertullian

4. Ausonius

   • On Ausonius, Cento nuptialis, see:
     J. N. Adams, Ausonius Cento nuptialis 101–131, Studi Italiani di Filologia Classica 53 (1981): 199–215.

5. Proba

   • Corsaro, Francesco. Scene e personnaggi del Cento Vergilianus di Proba nella loro arrière-pensée allusiva. Orpheus 28 (2007), 25–46.
   • McGill, Scott. Virgil, Christianity, and the Cento Probae. In J. H. D. Scourfield, ed. Texts and Culture in Late Antiquity: Inheritance, Authority, and Change. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, 2007. 173–193.

6. Pomponius

7. Mavortius

8. De verbi incarnatione

   • Giampiccolo, E. Osservazioni primi sul centone virgiliano De Verbi incarnatione. Sileno 33 (2007), 53–68.

9. Thierry of St. Trond

Virgilian Parody

1. Early Detractors

2. Cornificius Gallus

3. Servius

Eclogues 4

1. Lactantius

   • Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, is full of Virgil: see J. N. Adams, Five Notes on Lactantius, 'De Mortibus Persecutorum,' Antichthon 23 (1989): 92–98.

2. Constantine I

3. Augustine

4. Jerome

5. Christian of Stavelot

6. Peter Abelard

7. Jean de Meun

8. Dante

Orpheus

1. Ovid

2. Martial

3. Boethius

   • At lines 50–51 Tester, whose translation is quoted, errs by construing what must be occĭdit as if it were occīdit: the translation should read not Orpheus his Eurydice saw, lost, and killed, but Orpheus saw his Eurydice, lost her, and dies. For identification of the error and implications of the proper construe, see:
     Dronke, Peter. Imágenes mitológicas en la poesía de Boecio. In Poesía latina medieval (siglos V-XV). Actas del IV Congreso del «Internationales Mittellateinerkomitee» (Santiago de Compostela, 12–15 de septiembre de 2002). Ed. Manuel C. Díaz y Díaz and José M. Díaz de Bustamante. Millennio Medievale 55. Atti di Convegni 17. Florence: SISMEL, 2005. 33–45, at 35–36.

4. Fulgentius

5. (Pseudo-) Bernardo Sivestris

Dido

1. Ovid

2. Tertullian

3. Bobbio Epigrams

4. Macrobius

5. Jerome

6. Augustine

7. O decus, O Libye regnum

8. Anna soror ut quid mori

9. Dante

10. Petrarch

11. Boccaccio

12. Chaucer

    • Kuczynski, Michael P. Gower's Virgil. In On John Gower: Essays at the Millennium. Ed. R. F. Yeager. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 2007. 161–187.

Descent into the Underworld

1. Servius

2. (Pseudo-) Bernardo Silvestris

Golden Bough

1. Macrobius

2. Servius

3. (Pseudo-) Bernardo Silvestris

4. John of Salisbury

Florilegia

Roman d'Énéas

1. Dido

2. Golden Bough

Heinrich von Veldeke

• Schmitz, Silvia. Die Poetik der Adaptation: literarische inventio im Eneas Heinrichs von Veldeke. Hermaea 113. (Habilitation, Technische Universität, Berlin, 1994.) Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2007.

1. Dido

2. Descent into the Underworld

Middle Irish Wanderings of Aeneas

• Poppe, Erich. Imtheachta Aeniasa: Virgil's Aeneid in Medieval Ireland. Classics Ireland 11 (2004), 74–94.

1. Historical Prologue

2. Dido

3. Golden Bough

Virgil in Medieval Icelandic

• For additional information on Virgil in medieval Icelandic literature, see:
  Magerøy, Hallvard. Vergil-påverknad på norrøn litteratur. Gripla 10 (1998) 75–136.
• Würth, Stefanie. Der Antikenroman in der isländischen Literatur des Mittelalters: eine Untersuchung zur Übersetzung und Rezeption lateinischer Literatur im Norden. Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1998.

1. Trojan horse

2. Serpentine Simile

3. Trojan Horse (Rationalized)

4. Thor Substituted for Jupiter

Tradition of Commentary before the Fourth Century

1. Quintus Caecilius Epirota

2. Gaius Iulius Hyginus

3. Quintus Asconius Pedianus

4. Lucius Annaeus Cornutus

5. Marcus Valerius Probus

6. Velius

7. Aulus Gellius

8. Aemilius Asper

Servius

1. Comment on Aeneid 4

   • Monno, Olga. Didone casta/amatrix nell'esegesi di Servio. Maia 59 (2007), 447–459.

2. Allegory

Macrobius

1. Rhetorical Devices

2. Oratorical Skill

3. Greek Models

4. Roman Models

5. Knowledge of Astronomy and Philosophy

6. Pontifical Law

7. Augural Law

Other Commentators of the Fourth or Fifth Century

1. Iunius Philargyrius

2. Aelius Donatus

3. Tiberius Claudius Donatus

   • Pirovano, Luigi. Le interpretationes vergilianae di Tiberio Claudio Donato: problemi di retorica. Studi e testi tardoantichi 5. Rome: Herder, 2006.

Priscian

Fulgentius

• Wolff, Etienne. Vergil and Fulgentius. Vergilius 54 (2008), 59–69.

Virgilius Maro Grammaticus

Scholia Bernensia on Eclogues 4

Old Irish Glosses on Philargyrius

1. Comment on Eclogues 419

2. Comment on Eclogues 428

3. Comment on Eclogues 434

4. Comment on Eclogues 440

5. Comment on Eclogues 442

6. Comment on Eclogues 444

7. Comment on Eclogues 445

8. Comment on Eclogues 450

Carolingian Commentary on Eclogues 6

Carolingian Glosses on the Aeneid

Old High German Glosses

Introduction to the Latin homer

Introduction to the Eclogues

1. Argumenta

2. Accessus

"Master Anselm"

Platonizing Directions in Virgilian Allegory

1. Opening Notes

2. Glosses on the Aeneid

(Pseudo-) Bernardus Silvestris

1. Preface to Commentary on Aeneid

2. Comment on Aeneid 1.52

3. Comment on Aeneid 1.412, 456

4. Comment on Aeneid 2.1

5. Comment on Aeneid 3

6. Comment on Aeneid 4

7. Comment on Aeneid 5.1, 114

8. Comment on Aeneid 6.6

9. Comment on Aeneid 6.13,34

10. Comment on Aeneid 6.42

11. Comment on Aeneid 6.455

12. Introduction to Martianus Capella 2.70–86, 93–104, 114–24

Conrad of Hirsau

John of Garland

1. Parisiana poetria 1.124–34

2. Parisiana poetria 1.394–405

3. Parisiana poetria 2.87–123

Nicholas Trevet

Aeneid Commentary of Mixed Type

1. Opening of Book 6

2. Orpheus and Eurydice

3. Golden Bough

Cristoforo Landino

1. Introduction on the Nature of Poetry

2. On Allegorical Interpretation

3. Dido and Aeneas

4. Golden Bough

Virgilian Obscenity

1. Quintillian

2. Aulus Gellius

3. Ausonius

4. Diomedes

5. Marius Plotius Sacerdos

6. Macrobius

7. Servius

Allegorical Topoi

1. Evolution of Civilization

2. Vita contemplativa, voluptuosa, and activa

3. Development of a Human Life

4. Physics and Philosophy

5. Eclogues 1–3 and the Three Natural Lives

Virgil the Magician

1. Sortes Vergilianae

2. John of Salisbury

3. John of Alta Silva

4. Conrad of Querfurt

5. Gervase of Tilbury

6. Alexander Neckam

7. Wolfram von Eschenbach

8. Perlesvaus

9. Dante

10. Johannes Gobi Junior

11. Boccaccio

Magic Figurines and Statues

1. Apocalypsis Goliae

2. Cino da Pistoia

3. On the Perfection of Life

4. Salvation of Rome

5. Huguccio of Pisa

6. About a Statue at Rome

Virgil in the Basket and Virgil's Revenge

1. Guiraut de Calanson

2. Deeds of the Romans

3. Juan Ruiz

4. Giovanni Sercambi

5. Virgilessrímur

6. Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini

7. Virgil and Ovid as Rivals

Visions Involving Virgil

1. Anonymous of Ferrières

2. John of Salerno

3. Rodulfus Glaber

4. Everhelm (and Onulf)

5. Hildebert of Lavardin

6. Vision of Virgil in Hell

7. Georgian Passion of St. Panosophios of Alexandria

Virgil in Preaching

1. Exemplum Invoking Virgil

2. John Lathbury

Fusion of Lives and Legends

1. Vincent of Beauvais

2. John of Wales

3. Conrad of Mure

4. (Pseudo-) Walter Burley

Alexander of Telese

1. On Aeneas' Founding and Virgil's Lordship of Naples

2. Address to King Roger

Image du monde

1. First Redaction

2. Second Redaction

Jans Enikel

Adenet le Roi

• Only a few years after Adenet wrote, Virgil is instanced as being nearly proverbial for his knowledge of magic in Gerard of Amiens, Escanor (composed 1275–90), lines 16466–74, ed. H. Michelant, Der Roman von Escanor von Gerard von Amiens, Bibliothek des Litterarischen Vereins in Stuttgart 178 (Stuttgart: Litterarischer Verein in Stuttgart, 1886), 434: Ainz Virgiles, qui du savoir / De nigremance compassa / Tant de merveilles et penssa / Que por maisres en fu tenuz, / Ne fist soutiveté qu nuz / Dëust prisier envers ceste uevre; / Car tant conme li mondes cuevre, / Ne fu mais lis si biauz parez / Ne si noblement estorez.

Oracle of the Three Letters

1. Marvels of Virgil

2. Tales of the Carthaginians

Noirons li Arabis

Renart le Contrefait

• For analysis, see Lecco, Margherita. Virgilio e la vendetta del con di fuoco (Renart le Contrefait, vv. 29403–29534). L'immagine riflessa 14 (2005), 137–152.

1. Virgil's Wonders and Virgil in the Basket

2. Virgil's Revenge

Cronaca di Partenope

Antonio Pucci

Jean d'Outremeuse

Virgil's Journey to the Magnetic Mountain

Bonamente Aliprandi

Baena Songbook

• Only a few decades before the Baena Songbook was compiled, Enrique de Villena (died 1434), a writer of Aragonese extraction, was commissioned in 1427 by King Juan II of Castile to produce a vernacular translation of the Aeneid. Villena divided the poem and its gloss into 366 chapters, one for each day of the year. Villena's text is divided into three parts. The Prohemio is indebted to the traditions of the accessus and vita. This introductory material is followed by the prose translation of the Aeneid itself, which in turn is accompanied by extensive marginal comments (extant for only books 1–3). See Gilbert-Santamaría, Donald. Historicizing Vergil: Translation and Exegesis in Enrique de Villena's Eneida, Hispanic Review 73 (2005), 409–430.

1. No. 38

2. No. 226

3. No. 227

4. No. 533

5. No. 377

Gutierre Díaz de Games

Life of Virgil

"Olde Deceyte of Virgilius"