The tenth-century revival of interest in the classical past likely led Constantine to opt for a bust of Hercules for his seal. Similar influences may have inspired the anonymous seal owner to depict Poseidon or a nereid (water nymph) riding a sea monster. This scene possibly represents his duties as “count of the waters,” responsible for Constantinople’s water supply.
Image Sources
- Seal of Constantine, imperial spatharios and official in charge of foreigners (epi ton barbaron) (tenth century). 1951.31.5.1238, Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Bequest of Thomas Whittemore
- Seal of anonymous (eleventh/twelfth century?). BZS.1958.106.1860
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