In the eleventh century images of the Virgin rivaled those of the saints in number, reflecting the increasing status of her cult in Byzantium. More seals survive from this century than any other, showing the extent, wealth, and complexity of the empire’s bureaucratic machinery.
Image Sources
- Seal of George, patrikios, judge of the Velum and grand oikonomos of the euageis oikoi (eleventh century). BZS.1958.106.1370
- Seal of John (Doukas), kaisar (eleventh century, second half). BZS.1958.106.5635
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